Germination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling. It is also the process of reactivation of metabolic machinery of the seed resulting in the emergence of radicle and plumule. Therefore, understanding the molecular aspects of seed dormancy and germination is of a great significance for the improvement of crop yield and quality.

Indirect planting-is ideal for small seed plants like cabbage, pechay, mustard, tomatoes, eggplants, and spinach. - In seedboxes or seedbeds in rows, they are sown to produce seedlings which are then transplanted into the field. When the seedlings develop three or more leaves, they are now ready for transplantation.

Transplanting is the process of moving a fully germinated seedling (or mature plant) and replanting it in a permanent location for the growing season. Transplanting is an important part of agribusiness in northern climates because it extends the flowering or fruit bearing season of many plants. A plant that has been recently transplanted is sometimes referred to as a transplant.

Seed testing minimizes the hazards in crop production. Seed testing determines the quality issue in seeds before plantation, saving time and financial losses. Seed testing is also required to check the suitability of seeds for planting. The quality of seeds determines the need for further procedures such as drying and processing.